Bulimia Nervosa
Alternating between dieting or consuming only low-calorie "safe foods" and bingeing on "forbidden" high-calorie foods is a common feature of this eating disorder. "Binge eating" refers to consuming a lot of food quickly and feeling like you have no control over what or how much you consume.
The habit of binge eating is typically secretive and accompanied by emotions of guilt or embarrassment. Binge eating can involve consuming massive amounts of food quickly and past fullness, causing nausea and discomfort. They may occur weekly, typically followed by "compensatory behaviors" to prevent weight gain, including fasting, vomiting, laxative misuse, or compulsive exercise.
Individuals with bulimia nervosa are excessively preoccupied with thoughts of food, weight, or shape, which can negatively impact their self-worth. Unlike anorexia nervosa, people with bulimia nervosa may be underweight, average-weight, overweight, or even obese. However, instead of having bulimia nervosa, individuals are thought to have anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging type if they are substantially underweight.
It can be challenging to identify if someone has bulimia nervosa because they may not appear underweight, and their behaviors are often hidden and go unnoticed. Below are some typical signs that someone may be struggling with bulimia nervosa:
- Frequent bathroom visits directly after meals
- Excessive amounts of food disappearing or unexplained empty wrappers and containers
- Chronic sore throat
- Dehydration
- Swelling in the cheeks
- Dental decay
- Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux
- Misuse of laxatives or diet pills
- Recurring or unexplained diarrhea
- Feeling dizzy
- Fainting from excessive purging behaviors
Bulimia nervosa can have serious and life-threatening consequences like esophageal tears, gastric rupture, and cardiac arrhythmias. It's crucial to have medical monitoring for severe cases of the disorder to identify and treat any potential complications.
The most effective treatment for bulimia nervosa is outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This therapy helps patients establish healthy eating habits and manage thoughts and emotions to break free from the disorder.
Antidepressants like fluoxetine can also reduce the urge to binge and vomit. For young people with bulimia nervosa, eating disorder-focused family-based treatment that teaches caregivers how to help their loved ones establish healthy eating habits may also be effective.