Table of Contents
Key Takeaways
- Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is linked to long-term cannabis use.
- Symptoms include severe nausea, vomiting, and temporary relief from hot showers.
- Stopping cannabis use is the most effective treatment.
Introduction
Cannabis is often considered a harmless or therapeutic substance, but heavy and prolonged use can have unexpected side effects. One such condition is Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS). CHS causes severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in some chronic cannabis users. While rare, it can disrupt daily life and require medical attention.
Understanding CHS is essential for those who use cannabis regularly or suspect they may have this condition. This article explains the symptoms, causes, risks, and treatment options for CHS.
What is Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)?
CHS is a condition linked to chronic cannabis use. First described in 2004, it has become increasingly recognized as cannabis use has grown more widespread. The syndrome is characterized by recurring episodes of nausea and vomiting.
CHS is believed to be caused by the way cannabinoids, such as THC, interact with the body’s cannabinoid receptors. This interaction may lead to disruptions in the gastrointestinal system, although the exact cause is still being studied.
Symptoms of CHS (Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome)
CHS symptoms often follow three distinct phases:
Prodromal Phase
In the early stage, symptoms may include mild nausea, discomfort in the abdomen, and a reduced appetite. These signs are often ignored or attributed to other issues.
Hyperemetic Phase
The most severe stage, characterized by:
- Persistent vomiting, often leading to dehydration.
- Severe abdominal pain and cramping.
- A tendency to take frequent hot showers or baths for temporary relief.
Recovery Phase
Once cannabis use stops, symptoms gradually subside. This phase can last from days to months, depending on the severity of cannabis dependence.
What Causes CHS?
The exact cause of CHS is unclear, but research points to the following factors:
- Cannabinoid Overload: Chronic cannabis use may overstimulate the cannabinoid receptors in the gastrointestinal system.
- Impact on Digestion: THC and other cannabinoids can disrupt normal digestive processes.
- Body Chemistry: Genetic predispositions or sensitivity to cannabis may increase the likelihood of developing CHS.
Risks and Complications of CHS
Left untreated, CHS can lead to serious health risks, including:
- Dehydration: Persistent vomiting can cause severe fluid loss, leading to fatigue and dizziness.
- Electrolyte Imbalances: Losing vital nutrients and electrolytes can harm muscle and organ function.
- Hospitalization: Some cases require intravenous hydration and medical monitoring.
CHS can also impact mental health, as recurring symptoms may cause anxiety or depression.
Diagnosis of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Diagnosing CHS involves ruling out other conditions like cyclic vomiting syndrome or gastrointestinal diseases.
Doctors typically:
- Review the patient’s cannabis use history.
- Conduct tests to eliminate other potential causes.
- Identify patterns such as symptom relief from hot showers.
A diagnosis of CHS is confirmed if symptoms improve after stopping cannabis use.
Treatment Options for CHS
The primary treatment for CHS is stopping cannabis use. Here’s how recovery typically proceeds:
1. Stopping Cannabis Use
Quitting cannabis is essential to prevent recurring symptoms. Most patients see improvement within days to weeks after stopping.
2. Managing Symptoms
- Hydration: Replacing lost fluids is critical for recovery.
- Medications: Anti-nausea drugs or pain relievers may be prescribed to ease symptoms.
- Topical Treatments: Capsaicin cream, often used for muscle pain, can help alleviate abdominal discomfort.
3. Medical Supervision
For severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage dehydration and provide IV fluids.
Long-Term Recovery from CHS
Recovery from CHS depends on maintaining a cannabis-free lifestyle. Support groups, counseling, and therapy can help individuals avoid relapse and maintain overall well-being.
Medical professionals also recommend focusing on a healthy diet, regular exercise, and mindfulness practices to reduce stress and improve mental health.
Conclusion
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is a serious but treatable condition linked to chronic cannabis use. Understanding its symptoms and causes can help individuals recognize the problem and seek timely treatment.
If you or someone you know is struggling with CHS or cannabis addiction, professional help is available. Call Virtue Recovery Center at 866-461-3339 today to take the first step toward recovery.
FAQs About CHS from Marijuana Use
What is CHS, and what causes it? What are the CHS symptoms?
CHS is a condition caused by chronic cannabis use. It leads to severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain due to overstimulated cannabinoid receptors.
How do I know if I have CHS?
Common signs include persistent nausea and vomiting that improve temporarily with hot showers. Diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions.
Can CHS be treated?
Yes, the most effective treatment is stopping cannabis use. Medical support can help manage symptoms during recovery.
What are the risks of untreated CHS?
Untreated CHS can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and hospitalization. It may also affect mental health.
How long does recovery from CHS take?
Recovery times vary. Most individuals see improvements within days or weeks of quitting cannabis.
What is Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome?
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of severe vomiting, often with no apparent cause, interspersed with symptom-free periods.
What are some diagnosis and treatment options for CHS?
CHS, or Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, is diagnosed through medical history, cannabis use assessment, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment often includes stopping cannabis use, hydration, anti-nausea medications, and hot showers or baths for symptom relief.
Should I go to an Emergency Department to relieve CHS symptoms?
Yes, if symptoms like severe dehydration, uncontrollable vomiting, or abdominal pain occur, visiting an Emergency Department is advised for immediate care and symptom management.
What’s the difference between CHS and CVS?
CHS is linked specifically to chronic cannabis use, whereas CVS is not associated with substance use and often has unknown triggers, though both involve repeated episodes of severe vomiting.
Resources
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3576702/
https://gi.org/topics/cannabinoid-hyperemesis-and-the-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-in-adults/
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- About the Author
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Nicki Lugo is currently employed as Clinical Director at Virtue Recovery Center in Las Vegas. Nicki is a licensed clinical professional counselor (CPC) in the state of Nevada and a licensed associate counselor (LAC) in the state of Arizona. She is also a licensed clinical alcohol and drug counselor (LCADC) in Nevada. Additionally, Nicki has specialized training in treating trauma and is a certified clinical trauma specialist (CCTS).
Nicki has earned a Master of Science degree in Psychology with an emphasis in Behavioral Health from the University of Phoenix and a Master of Science in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University. Currently, Nicki is pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Counseling Education and Supervision at Grand Canyon University. Nicki’s research interests include the use of Positive Psychology interventions with dual diagnosis clients. Nicki hopes to contribute to the body of knowledge in treating substance use disorders.
Nicki’s long-term career goals include advancing in leadership roles within Virtue Recovery Center which is a quickly growing substance use disorder treatment facility. She hopes that one day her research and advocacy will help to save the lives of those who have been affected by substance use. She likes to say that advocacy is her passion and leadership is her superpower.
